A completely cashless society sounds appealing to some, and although we’ve made strides to making it possible, it is not yet a reality. Despite the magic of PayPal, Square, credit cards, and mobile wallets, some of us need to carry around cash.
While we can choose from a rich array of singles, fins, sawbucks, Jacksons, $50s, and Benjamins, there are several other denominations that the U.S. Treasury has discontinued—or that are just plain rare. Here are the most notable ones.
Key Takeaways
- In addition to the $1, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100 bills, there have been other U.S. banknotes in circulation.
- There are still 1.4 billion $2 notes in circulation.
- Today, a $500 or $1,000 bill may be worth more than its face value.
- The $10,000 bill was the largest denomination ever to be printed for public consumption.
- Collectors cannot legally hold a $100,000 bill.
$2 Bill
The first $2 bills were printed in 1862. They originally featured a portrait of Alexander Hamilton but were later redesigned to portray Thomas Jefferson. Aesthetically, the $2 bill is something to behold. The reverse side features a reproduction of one of the most famous paintings in American history—”Declaration of Independence” by John Trumbull.
Excluding the decade from 1966 to 1976, $2 bills were printed uninterruptedly since the Civil War. Yet the average American who doesn’t handle cash for a living can go years without seeing one. While the $2 note is still in circulation and the Bureau of Engraving and Printing recognizes it as legal tender—it is considered to be the rarest currency denomination in the U.S. The last series of $2 bills were printed in 2017. Today, there are around 1.4 billion notes in circulation.
$500 Bill
The Treasury minted several versions of the $500 bill, featuring a portrait of President William McKinley on the front. The last $500 bill rolled off the presses in 1945, and it was formally discontinued 24 years later in 1969.
Like all the bills featured here, the $500 bill remains legal tender. Most $500 notes in circulation today are in the hands of dealers and collectors. That being said, should you come into possession of a $500 bill, you’d find that its market value far exceeds its face value, with even worn specimens commanding upward of a 40% premium on the open market.
Although no longer in circulation, the $500 bill remains legal tender.
$1,000 Bill
The original $1,000 bill featured Alexander Hamilton on the front. When someone presumably realized that it might be confusing to have the same former Secretary of the Treasury on multiple denominations, Hamilton’s portrait was replaced with that of a president—the 22nd and the 24th, Grover Cleveland. Like its smaller cousin, the $500 bill, the $1,000 bill was discontinued in 1969. And like the $500 bill, the $1,000 bill would seem to have a lot more use now than it did then.
Why? Inflation, of course. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) was at an estimated 36.8 back in 1969. As of January 2022, U.S. CPI sat at 281.9, meaning a $1,000 bill today would be the equivalent of a relatively modest $130 bill during the Summer of Love. Does it make any sense that we’ve lost larger denominations as the value of a dollar has gotten progressively smaller? The Treasury argues that keeping the denominations inconveniently small minimizes the possibility of money laundering.
That being said, hold onto a $1,000 bill that finds its way into your palm even more tightly than you would a $500 bill.
Martha Washington is the first and only woman to appear as the primary portrait on U.S. paper currency. Her image appeared on the $1 Silver Certificate starting in 1886. It was discontinued in 1957 and was the second-longest issued paper money.
$5,000 Bill
The $5,000 bill was initially issued to finance the Revolutionary War and was only officially printed by the government when the Civil War began. The bill was graced with a portrait of James Madison. President Richard Nixon ordered that the bills be recalled in 1969 due to fear of criminals using them for money laundering activities.
Finding a $5,000 bill today takes pluck, luck, and significantly more than $5,000.
$10,000 Bill
Salmon P. Chase may be the most accomplished politician in our nation’s history never to have served as president. But even though he was a governor of, and senator from, Ohio, served as Secretary of the Treasury under Abraham Lincoln and became chief justice of the Supreme Court, Chase is remembered by most people as the guy on the $10,000 bill.
The largest denomination ever printed for public consumption, the $10,000 bill never got much use. This lack of use is understandable, given that its value outstripped the net worth of the average American during most of the time the bill was available. The bill was first printed in 1918 and was part of the 1969 purge of large currencies. Like its $5,000 counterpart, only a few hundred authenticated samples survive.
$100,000 Bill
Featuring a portrait of Woodrow Wilson, the $100,000 note was actually a gold certificate that was never circulated or issued for public use. The Bureau of Engraving and Printing created them during the Great Depression in 1934, for conducting official transactions between Federal Reserve banks.
While the $100,000 bill can not be legally held by collectors, some institutions like the Museum of American Finance display them for educational purposes. The Smithsonian Museum and some branches of the Federal Reserve System (FRS) also have these rare bills in their possession.
What U.S. Coins Are No Longer in Circulation?
In addition to discontinued dollar bills, the U.S. mint has also stopped producing certain coins over time as they have lost value or usability. These include:
- half-cent coins, minted from 1793-1857
- two-cent coins (1864-1872)
- three-cent coins (1851-1889)
- half-dimes (1792-1873) [later replaced by nickels]
- twenty-cent coins (1875-1878)
- Dollar coins:
- Gold dollar coins (1849-1889)
- Eisenhower dollar (1971-1978)
- Susan B. Anthony dollar (1979-1981)
Are $2 Bills Rare?
While not as used as $1 or $5 bills, the $2 bill remained in production through 2017. As of 2020, the Federal Reserve estimated that there were around 1.4 billion $2 bills worth $2.8 billion.
What Is the Most Common Denomination of U.S. Currency?
As of 2020, there were 16.4 billion $100 bills, making it both the most issued banknote and the one with the most value in circulation. The second-most common is the $1 bill, with 13.1 million in circulation.
The Bottom Line
Over time, the government may choose to take certain money out of circulation for various reasons. Banknotes may be discontinued due to the effects of inflation eroding their face value, a lack of demand or want for certain denominations amongst consumers, or being too similar in look or close in value to other common denominations.